{"id":6232,"date":"2020-01-20T09:10:11","date_gmt":"2020-01-20T17:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/?page_id=6232"},"modified":"2020-01-24T00:21:36","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T08:21:36","slug":"region-forearm-wrist","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/region-forearm-wrist\/","title":{"rendered":"REGION: FOREARM & WRIST"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Studying anatomy & physiology grouped by regions of the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WORK IN PROGRESS…LAST UPDATE 01.20.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bony Landmarks of the Humerus<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Head of humerus<\/td>Lateral supracondylar ridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Greater tubercle<\/td>Lateral epicondyle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lesser tubercle<\/td>Medial epicondyle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Anatomical neck<\/td>Radial fossa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Surgical neck<\/td>Capitulum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Intertubercular groove or sulcus<\/td>Trochlea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Deltoid tuberosity<\/td>Coronoid fossa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shaft<\/td>Olecranon fossa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n

Bony Landmarks of the Ulna<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Olecranon process<\/td>Styloid process of ulnar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Coronoid process<\/td>Radial notch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Interosseous border<\/td>Trochlear notch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Head of ulna<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n

Bony Landmarks of the Radius<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Head of radius (articular disc)<\/td>Interosseous border<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Neck of radius<\/td>Radial tuberosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Anterior surface<\/td>Posterior border<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Anterior border<\/td>Posterior surface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Styloid process<\/td>Lateral surface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Suprastyloid crest<\/td>Ulnar notch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Articular surface for carpals<\/td>Dorsal tubercle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n

Anterior Compartment of Forearm, Superficial<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Pronator Teres<\/td>medial epicondyle of humerus, and coronoid process of ulna.<\/td>midlateral surface of radius.<\/td>pronates forearm at radioulnar joints and weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexor Carpi Radialis<\/td>medial epicondyle of humerus.<\/td>second and third metacarpals.<\/td>flexes and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint. Lesser: elbow flexion, forearm pronation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Palmaris Longus<\/td>medial epicondyle of humerus.<\/td>flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis (fascia in center of palm).<\/td>weakly flexes hand at wrist joint. Lesser: wrinkles skin of palm; elbow flexion; pronation; radial deviation of hand; ulnar deviation of hand.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris<\/td>medial epicondyle of humerus and superior posterior border of ulna.<\/td>pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal.<\/td>flexes and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist. Lesser: elbow flexion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n

Innervated by the median nerve (ventral rami of C5-T1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pronator teres<\/a>
Flexor carpi radialis<\/a> <\/td>		 Pronator teres<\/a>
Flexor carpi radialis<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anterior Compartment of Forearm, Intermediate & Deep<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis<\/td>medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna and a ridge along lateral margin of anterior surface (anterior oblique line) of radius.<\/td>middle phalanx of each finger.<\/td>flexes middle phalanx of each finger at proximal interphalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of each finger at metacarpophalangeal joint, and hand at wrist joint.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexor Digitorum Profundus<\/td>anterior medial surface of body of ulna.<\/td>base of distal phalanx of each finger.<\/td>flexes distal and middle phalanges of each finger at interphalangeal joints, proximal phalanx of each finger at metacarpophalangeal joint, and hand at wrist joint.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexor Pollicis Longus<\/td>anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane (sheet of fibrous tissue that holds shafts of ulna and radius together).<\/td>base of distal phalanx of thumb.<\/td>flexes distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint; wrist flexion. Lesser: radial deviation; forearm flexion; pronation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pronator Quadratus<\/td>distal portion of ulnar shaft.<\/td>distal portion of radial shaft.<\/td>pronates forearm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n

Innervated by the median nerve (C5-T1). Medial part of profUndUs –> ulnar nerve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexor digitorum superficialis<\/a>
Flexor digitorum profundus<\/a> <\/td>		Flexor pollicis longus<\/a>
Pronator quadratus<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Posterior Compartment of the Forearm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Brachioradialis<\/td>lateral border of distal end of humerus.<\/td>superior to styloid process of radius.<\/td>elbow flexion; supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus<\/td>lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.<\/td>second metacarpal.<\/td>extends and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint. Lesser: elbow flexion, pronation, supination.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis<\/td>lateral epicondyle of humerus.<\/td>third metacarpal.<\/td>extends and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint. Lesser: elbow flexion, pronation, supination.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Extensor Digitorum<\/td>lateral epicondyle of humerus.<\/td>distal and middle phalanges of each finger.<\/td>extends distal and middle phalanges of each finger at interphalangeal joints, proximal phalanx of each finger at metacarpophalangeal joint, and hand at wrist joint. Lesser: medial rotation of pinky finger at CMC joint; elbow extension.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Extensor Digiti Minimi<\/td>lateral epicondyle of humerus<\/td>tendon of extensor digitorum on fifth phalanx.<\/td>extends proximal phalanx of little finger at MCP, DIP, PIP joints; and hand at wrist joint (wrist extension). Lesser: medial rotation of little finger; elbow extension; ulnar deviation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris<\/td>lateral epicondyle of humerus, and posterior border of ulna.<\/td>fifth metacarpal.<\/td>extends and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist joint. Lesser: elbow extension, pronation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Supinator<\/td>lateral epicondyle of humerus, and ridge near radial notch of ulna (supinator crest).<\/td>lateral surface of proximal 1\/3 of radius.<\/td>forearm supination. Lesser degree: elbow flexion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Extensor Indicis<\/td>posterior surface of ulna.<\/td>tendon of extensor digitorum of index finger.<\/td>extends distal and middle phalanges of index finger at interphalangeal joints, proximal phalanx of index finger at metacarpophalangeal joint and hand at wrist joint. Lesser: adduction index finger at MCP; supination.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Abductor Pollicis Longus<\/td>posterior surface of middle of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane.<\/td>first metacarpal.<\/td>abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint and abducts hand at wrist joint. Lesser: lateral rotation of thumb at CMC; radial deviation; wrist flexion; supination.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Extensor Pollicis Longus<\/td>posterior surface of middle of ulna and interosseous membrane.<\/td>base of distal phalanx of thumb.<\/td>extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint, first metacarpal of thumb at carpometacarpal joint, and abducts hand at wrist joint. Lesser: lateral rotation of thumb at CMC; wrist extension; radial deviation; supination; adduction of thumb at CMC.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Extensor Pollicis Brevis<\/td>posterior surface of middle of ulna and interosseous membrane.<\/td>base of proximal phalanx of thumb.<\/td>extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint, first metacarpal of thumb at carpometacarpal joint, and abducts hand at wrist joint. Lesser: lateral rotation of thumb at CMC; radial deviation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n

Innervated by radial nerve C5-T1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brachioradialis<\/a>
Extensor carpi radialis longus<\/a>
Extensor carpi radialis brevis<\/a>
Extensor carpi ulnaris<\/a>
Extensor digitorum<\/a>
Extensor digiti minimi<\/a> <\/td>		Supinator<\/a>
Extensor indicis<\/a>
Abductor pollicis longus<\/a>
Abductor pollicis brevis<\/a>
Extensor pollicis longus<\/a>
Extensor pollicis brevis<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Muscles that Pronate\/Supinate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Pronator Teres<\/td>medial epicondyle of humerus, and coronoid process of ulna.<\/td>midlateral surface of radius.<\/td>pronates forearm at radioulnar joints and weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pronator Quadratus<\/td>distal portion of ulnar shaft.<\/td>distal portion of radial shaft.<\/td>pronates forearm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Supinator<\/td>lateral epicondyle of humerus, and ridge near radial notch of ulna (supinator crest).<\/td>lateral surface of proximal 1\/3 of radius.<\/td>forearm supination. Lesser degree: elbow flexion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Biceps Brachii<\/td>short head\u2014corocoid process; long head\u2014tubercle above glenoid cavity on scapula (supraglenoid tubercle).<\/td>radial tuberosity of radius, and bicipital aponeurosis.<\/td>elbow flexion, supination of radioulnar joint, shoulder flexion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n
Supinator<\/a>
Pronator teres<\/a> <\/td>		Biceps brachii long head<\/a>
Biceps brachii short head<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Joints<\/h3>\n\n\n\n