{"id":1508,"date":"2018-09-14T23:48:31","date_gmt":"2018-09-14T23:48:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/?p=1508"},"modified":"2020-01-01T02:19:30","modified_gmt":"2020-01-01T10:19:30","slug":"bones-vertebralcolumn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/anatomyphysiologybones\/bones-vertebralcolumn\/","title":{"rendered":"Bones: Vertebral Column."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmstudentresources\/iwmbones\/IWM-APBonesVertebralColumn.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download these notes.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Anatomy &amp; Physiology: Bones\u2014Vertebral Column.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Structure.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cervical vertebrae: C1 (atlas), C2 (axis), C3-C7. (Remember breakfast at 7). C7 known as the vertebral prominens as it distinctly protrudes at the base of the neck at the transition to the thoracic vertebrae.<\/li>\n<li>Thorax vertebrae: T1-T12. (Remember lunch at noon, 12).<\/li>\n<li>Lumbar vertebrae: L1-L5. (Remember dinner at 5).<\/li>\n<li>Sacrum: S1-S5, 5 fused vertebrae.<\/li>\n<li>Coccyx: 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae. &#8220;Coccyx&#8221; the cuckoo bird.<\/li>\n<li>Concave &#8220;caving in&#8221;. Convex &#8220;bulging outward&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Intervertebral discs: between the vertebrae.\n<ul>\n<li>Annulus fibrosus: outer fibrous ring made of fibrocartilage.<\/li>\n<li>Nucleus pulposus: inner part of disk that is soft, pulpy, and elastic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Common structures of the vertebrae are: vertebral body, vertebral arch, and processes.<\/li>\n<li>Vertebral arch: when looking top-down (bird&#8217;s eye view) onto a &#8220;generic&#8221; vertebra, the rounded mass anteriorly is the &#8220;body&#8221; and &#8220;everything else&#8221; is the &#8220;arch&#8221;.\n<ul>\n<li>The pedicles (2 per vertebrate) are the short, stumpy &#8220;feet&#8221; that connect the rest of the arch to the body. You can imagine them as trunks.<\/li>\n<li>The vertebral foramen is the hole between the arch and body for the spinal cord to pass through. It&#8217;s sometimes called the spinal canal in the vernacular. The vertebral foramen contains: spinal cord, adipose, areolar connective tissue, and blood vessels.<\/li>\n<li>Intervertebral foramen is the space or &#8220;hole&#8221; that is formed when the vertebrae are stacked together. Each intervertebral foramen allows for a single spinal nerve to pass through.<\/li>\n<li>The spinous process is the most significant posterior projection.<\/li>\n<li>Lamina: located on either side of the spinous process is like a &#8220;roof&#8221; supporting and protecting the spinal cord.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Processes: 7 projections called processes originate from the vertebral arch.\n<ul>\n<li>Transverse process (x2): it is the projection between the pedicle and lamina. Attachment points for muscles.<\/li>\n<li>Spinous process (x1): the most significant posterior projection. Forms the highest point in the arch. Attachment point for muscles.<\/li>\n<li>Superior articular processes (x2): between the pedicle and transverse process, lies a slight projection with a concave &#8220;seat&#8221;, the facet. The facet of the superior process articulates with the inferior process of the vertebrate above. The facet are the articulating surfaces and are covered in hyaline cartalige.<\/li>\n<li>Inferior articular processes (x2): located on the underside of the vertebra articulate with the superior articular processes on the vertebra below.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Function.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Clinical Significance.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"rl-gallery-container rl-loading\" id=\"rl-gallery-container-1\" data-gallery_id=\"5514\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-description\">Cervical Vertebrae. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.<\/div> <div class=\"rl-gallery rl-basicgrid-gallery \" id=\"rl-gallery-1\" data-gallery_no=\"1\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0001_Layer-5.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0001_Layer-5-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0000_Layer-6.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0000_Layer-6-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0005_Layer-1.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0005_Layer-1-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0004_Layer-2.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0004_Layer-2-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0003_Layer-3.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0003_Layer-3-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0002_Layer-4.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervicalvertebrae-_0002_Layer-4-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"rl-gallery-container rl-loading\" id=\"rl-gallery-container-2\" data-gallery_id=\"5548\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-description\">Thoracic vertebrae. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.<\/div> <div class=\"rl-gallery rl-basicgrid-gallery \" id=\"rl-gallery-2\" data-gallery_no=\"2\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0001_Layer-4.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0001_Layer-4-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0000_Layer-5.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0000_Layer-5-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0004_Layer-1.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0004_Layer-1-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0003_Layer-2.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0003_Layer-2-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0002_Layer-3.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/thoracicvertebrae-_0002_Layer-3-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"rl-gallery-container rl-loading\" id=\"rl-gallery-container-3\" data-gallery_id=\"5529\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-description\">Lumbar vertebrae. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.<\/div> <div class=\"rl-gallery rl-basicgrid-gallery \" id=\"rl-gallery-3\" data-gallery_no=\"3\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0002_Layer-4.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0002_Layer-4-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0001_Layer-5.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0001_Layer-5-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0000_Layer-6.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0000_Layer-6-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0005_Layer-1.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0005_Layer-1-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0004_Layer-2.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0004_Layer-2-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0003_Layer-3.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/LumbarVertebrae-_0003_Layer-3-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"rl-gallery-container rl-loading\" id=\"rl-gallery-container-4\" data-gallery_id=\"5538\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-description\">Sacrum. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.<\/div> <div class=\"rl-gallery rl-basicgrid-gallery \" id=\"rl-gallery-4\" data-gallery_no=\"4\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0001_Layer-4.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0001_Layer-4-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0000_Layer-5.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0000_Layer-5-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0004_Layer-1.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0004_Layer-1-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0003_Layer-2.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0003_Layer-2-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0002_Layer-3.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sacrum-_0002_Layer-3-300x226.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"rl-gallery-container rl-loading\" id=\"rl-gallery-container-5\" data-gallery_id=\"5516\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-description\">Coccyx. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.<\/div> <div class=\"rl-gallery rl-basicgrid-gallery \" id=\"rl-gallery-5\" data-gallery_no=\"5\"> <div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/coccyx-_0001_Layer-3.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/coccyx-_0001_Layer-3-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/coccyx-_0000_Layer-4.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/coccyx-_0000_Layer-4-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/coccyx-_0003_Layer-1.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/coccyx-_0003_Layer-1-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"rl-gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/coccyx-_0002_Layer-2.jpg\" title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/coccyx-_0002_Layer-2-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>References<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biel,&nbsp;A. (2015).&nbsp;<em>Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cedars-sinai.org\/health-library\/diseases-and-conditions\/v\/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jenkins,&nbsp;G., &amp; Tortora,&nbsp;G.&nbsp;J. (2012).&nbsp;<em>Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu<\/em>. John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Muscolino,&nbsp;J.&nbsp;E. (2017).&nbsp;<em>The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Download these notes. Anatomy &amp; Physiology: Bones\u2014Vertebral Column. \u00a0 Structure. Cervical vertebrae: C1 (atlas), C2 (axis), C3-C7. (Remember breakfast at 7). C7 known as the vertebral prominens as it distinctly protrudes at the base of the neck at the transition to the thoracic vertebrae. Thorax vertebrae: T1-T12. (Remember lunch at noon, 12). Lumbar vertebrae: L1-L5. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anatomyphysiologybones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1508"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1508\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5735,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1508\/revisions\/5735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}