{"id":1527,"date":"2018-09-15T00:02:04","date_gmt":"2018-09-15T00:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/?p=1527"},"modified":"2018-09-15T00:02:04","modified_gmt":"2018-09-15T00:02:04","slug":"joints","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/anatomyphysiologyjoints\/joints\/","title":{"rendered":"Joints"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmstudentresources\/iwmjoints\/IWM-APJoints.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download these notes.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Anatomy &amp; Physiology: Joints.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Structure.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Structural classification: based on whether or not there is space tween the articulating bones; type of connective tissue that holds the bones together.\n<ul>\n<li>Fibrous joints: no synovial cavity; dense collagen-fiber-rich connective tissue.\n<ul>\n<li>3 types of fibrous joints: sutures, syndesmoses, &amp; interosseous membranes.<\/li>\n<li>Sutures: fibrous joint made of thin layer of dense connective tissue. Only occurs in skull bones. Strength from irregular and interlocking edges. In infants and young children the sutures are amphiarthrotic; in adults the sutures are fused and immoveable (synarthrotic).\n<ul>\n<li>Synostosis: suture present in infants\/children but ossified in adults. Synarthrotic.<\/li>\n<li>Frontal\/metopic suture: if the suture exists past 6 yrs old.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Syndesmoses: fibrous joint with some distance between the two bones. Dense connective tissue arranged in bundles (ligamentous) limiting the joint movement. E.g. distal tibiofibular joint.\n<ul>\n<li>Gomphosis: peg fitting into a socket. E.g. teeth and teeth sockets (alveoli).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Interosseous membrane: sheet-like dense connective tissue between long bones; amphiarthrotic. E.g. between ulna and radius; between tibia and fibula.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cartilaginous joints: no synovial cavity; cartilaginous connective tissue (hyaline or fibrocartilage).\n<ul>\n<li>Synchondroses: hyaline connective tissue. E.g. epiphyseal plate. Synarthrotic (immoveable).<\/li>\n<li>Symphasis: ends of bones covered by hyaline cartilage with a broad flattish fibrocartilage connecting the bones. All symphsis occur in the body&#8217;s midline. E.g. pubic symphasis; sternal angle between the manubrium and sternal body; intervertebral joints between vertebral bodies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Synovial joints: presence of synovial cavity; articular capsule with dense connective tissue and often accessory ligaments present. Diarthrotic (freely moving).\n<ul>\n<li>Bones covered with articular cartilage (a layer of hyaline) to reduce friction.<\/li>\n<li>Articular (joint) capsule: sleevelike; encloses the joint cavity where the two bones articulate with each other. Has 2 layers: fibrous membrane (mostly collagen, dense) attaches to periosteum of bones; synovial membrane (inner membrane) of areolar connective tissue.<\/li>\n<li>Articular fat pads: fatty pads act as cushioning.<\/li>\n<li>Synovial fluid: lubrication and reduce friction. Clear and viscous. Fibroblast-like cells in synovial membrane secrete this hyaluronic acid. Also some fluid from blood plasma. Has phagocytic cells as &#8220;clean-up&#8221; crew.<\/li>\n<li>Accesory ligaments.<\/li>\n<li>Articular menisci: pads of fibrocartilage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Functional classification: based on how much movement is allowed in a joint.\n<ul>\n<li>Synarthrosis: immoveable.<\/li>\n<li>Amphiarthrosis: somewhat moveable.<\/li>\n<li>Diarthrosis: freely moveable joint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Bursae: fluid-filled sacs between skin-bones, tendons-bones, muscles-bones, or ligaments-bones.<\/li>\n<li>Tendon sheaths: reduce friction at joints. Tubelike bursa wrap around tendons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Function.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Clinical Significance.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>References<\/p>\n<p>Biel,\u00a0A. (2015).\u00a0<em>Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cedars-sinai.org\/health-library\/diseases-and-conditions\/v\/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html<\/p>\n<p>Jenkins,\u00a0G., &amp; Tortora,\u00a0G.\u00a0J. (2012).\u00a0<em>Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu<\/em>. John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n<p>Muscolino,\u00a0J.\u00a0E. (2017).\u00a0<em>The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Download these notes. Anatomy &amp; Physiology: Joints. &nbsp; Structure. Structural classification: based on whether or not there is space tween the articulating bones; type of connective tissue that holds the bones together. Fibrous joints: no synovial cavity; dense collagen-fiber-rich connective tissue. 3 types of fibrous joints: sutures, syndesmoses, &amp; interosseous membranes. Sutures: fibrous joint made [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anatomyphysiologyjoints"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1527"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1528,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1527\/revisions\/1528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmanatphys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}