{"id":4122,"date":"2019-07-18T15:03:12","date_gmt":"2019-07-18T22:03:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/?p=4122"},"modified":"2019-07-21T19:11:42","modified_gmt":"2019-07-22T02:11:42","slug":"alcohols","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/organicchemistry\/alcohols\/","title":{"rendered":"Alcohols"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>R-OH.<\/li><li>Alcohols are molecules with the alkyl group attached to the \u2014OH hydroxyl group.<\/li><li>If a hydroxyl group is a substituent in a molecule, it&#8217;s called &#8220;hydroxy&#8221; or &#8220;\u2014oxy&#8221; instead of &#8220;\u2014oxyl&#8221;.<\/li><li>A phenol is a benzene ring with an  \u2014OH attached. Phenols are abbreviated as Ar-OH. Ar is for aryl group. Phenols are weak acids and react with strong bases to make salt (alcohols do not salt out, only phenols).<\/li><li>Due to the O (oxygen is very electronegative) and H, alcohols are polar and can create intermolecular hydrogen bonds.<\/li><li>Alcohols can have the polar part and they can have the non-polar part. They can be soluble in a polar solvent like water. <\/li><li>Due to both the London forces and H-bonds, alcohols have higher boiling and melting points.<\/li><li>Alcohols have a pK(a) similar to water.<\/li><li>Alcohols have the suffix -ol. In a ring, the OH group gets lowest-numbering (position) priority.<\/li><li>If there is more than one OH group, use di-, tri-, etc.<\/li><li>Some special alcohol structures are: 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol); 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol); 1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol, glycerin).<\/li><li>The carbinol carbon is the carbon that the OH group is attached to.<\/li><li>An alcohol is: primary if the carbinol carbon is bonded to only one other carbon; is secondary if the carbinol carbon is bonded to two other carbons; is tertiary if the carbinol carbon is bonded to 3 other carbons.<\/li><li>Alcohols can be made: hydration of an alkene; the reduction of an aldehyde or ketone.<\/li><li>Reactions with alcohols: combustion; dehydration; condensation; oxidation; halogenation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Methanol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wood alcohol.<\/li><li>Toxic. Can cause blindness.<\/li><li>Colorless &amp; odorless.<\/li><li>Fuel in race cars.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ethanol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The &#8220;alcohol&#8221; in beverages.<\/li><li>Colorless &amp; odorless.<\/li><li>Product of carbohydrate fermentation.<\/li><li>Used as solvent, antiseptic, fuel, treatment for alcohol poisoning.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-Propanol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Colorless &amp; has a little odor.<\/li><li>This is rubbing alcohol (typically sold in stores as diluted).<\/li><li>Toxic to ingest.<\/li><li>Disinfectant, astringent.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1,2-Ethanediol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sweet tasting but toxic.<\/li><li>Antifreeze.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1,2,3-Propanetriol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Glycerol.<\/li><li>Viscous like honey.<\/li><li>Sweet, non-toxic.<\/li><li>Additive in foods and beverages.<\/li><li>One of the products in fat-hydrolysis.<\/li><li>Water soluble.<\/li><li>Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, lubricants, intermediates.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R-OH. Alcohols are molecules with the alkyl group attached to the \u2014OH hydroxyl group. If a hydroxyl group is a substituent in a molecule, it&#8217;s called &#8220;hydroxy&#8221; or &#8220;\u2014oxy&#8221; instead of &#8220;\u2014oxyl&#8221;. A phenol is a benzene ring with an \u2014OH attached. Phenols are abbreviated as Ar-OH. Ar is for aryl group. Phenols are weak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-organicchemistry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4122"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4138,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4122\/revisions\/4138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrativewellnessandmovement.com\/iwmbasicscience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}