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Muscles: Splenius Capitis.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Splenius Capitis.

Structure.

  • Origin: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T4.
  • Insertion: occipital and mastoid process.

Function.

  • Concentric action: extend head and neck; laterally flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle.
  • Reverse mover action: cervical and thoracic spinal extension; lateral flexion of lower cervical and upper thoracic spine; contralateral rotation of lower cervical and upper thoracic spine.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows flexion, contralateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation of head and neck.
  • Isometric action: stabilize head and neck.
  • Innervation: middle cervical spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: occipital artery.

Clinical Significance.

 

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Rectus Capitis Lateralis.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Rectus Capitis Lateralis.

Structure.

  • Origin: superior surface of transverse process.
  • Insertion: inferior surface of jugular process of occipital.

Function.

  • Concentric action: lateral head flexion.
  • Reverse mover action: atlas lateral flexion.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows contralateral lateral head flexion.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of head.
  • Innervation: cervical spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: vertebral artery and occipital artery.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Rectus Capitis Anterior.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Rectus Capitis Anterior.

Structure.

  • Origin: anterior surface of base of transverse process.
  • Insertion: inferior surface of basilar occipital, anterior to foramen magnum.

Function.

  • Concentric action: head flexion.
  • Reverse mover action: atlas flexion.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows head extension.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of head.
  • Innervation: cervical spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: vertebral artery.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Longus Capitis.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Longus Capitis.

Structure.

  • Origin: anterior tubercles of C3-C5.
  • Insertion: inferior surface of basilar occiput, anterior to foramen magnum.

Function.

  • Concentric action: neck and head flexion. Lesser: lateral flexion of head and neck.
  • Reverse mover action: flexion and lateral flexion of lower neck.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows extension and contralateral lateral flexion of head and neck.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of upper cervical spine.
  • Innervation: cervical spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: inferior thyroid artery, vertebral artery, ascending pharyngeal artery.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Longus Colli.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Longus Colli.

Structure.

  • Superior Oblique
    • Origin: transverse process of C3-C5.
    • Insertion: anterior arch of C1.
  • Inferior Oblique
    • Origin: anterior bodies of T1-T3.
    • Insertion: transverse processes of C5-C6.
  • Vertical
    • Origin: anterior bodies of C5-T3.
    • Insertion: anterior bodies C2-C4.

Function.

  • Concentric action: neck flexion, lateral flexion, contralateral rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: flexion, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation of neck and upper back.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows extension and contralateral later flexion of neck; ipsilateral rotation of neck; contralateral rotation of neck and upper back.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of cervical and upper thoracic spine.
  • Innervation: cervical spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: inferior thyroid artery, vertebral artery, ascending pharyngeal artery.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Sternocleidomastoid.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Sternocleidomastoid.

Structure.

  • Origin: sternal head—top of manubrium; clavicular head—medial 1/3 of clavicle.
  • Insertion: mastoid process, lateral superior nuchal line of occipital.

Function.

  • Concentric action: cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion.
  • Reverse mover action: elevate sternum and clavicle; ipsilateral rotation of trunk.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexion.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint.
  • Innervation: cranial nerve XI (accessory).
  • Arterial supply: occipital and posterior auricular arteries, superior thyroid artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Intertransversarii.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Intertransversarii.

Structure.

  • Origin: transverse processes of all vertebrae.
  • Insertion: transverse process of vertebra above the origin.

Function.

  • Concentric action: extend vertebral column (acting together); lateral flexion and stabilization (acting singly).
  • Reverse mover action: lateral flexion of lower spine.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows lateral neck and trunk flexion.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of neck and trunk.
  • Innervation: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

 

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Interspinales.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Interspinales.

Structure.

  • Origin: superior surface of spinous processes.
  • Insertion: inferior surface of psinous process of vertebra superior to the one of origin.

Function.

  • Concentric action: extend vertebral column (acting together); stabilize vertebral column (acting singly).
  • Reverse mover action: extend lower spine.
  • Eccentric action: control/restrains/slows neck and trunk flexion.
  • Isometric action: stabilize head and spine.
  • Innervation: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

 

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Rotatores.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Rotatores.

Structure.

  • Origin: transverse processes of all vertebra.
  • Insertion: spinous processes above the origin.

Function.

  • Concentric action: lateral flexion, spinal extension, and contralateral rotation of neck, and spine.
  • Reverse mover action: ipsilateral rotation, extension, and lateral flexion of lower spine.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows ipsilateral rotation, flexion, and contralateral lateral flexion of neck and trunk; and contralateral rotation of lower spine.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of the spine.
  • Innervation: corresponding cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries.

Clinical Significance.

 

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Multifidus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Multifidus, of transversospinalis group.

Structure.

  • Origin: posterior aspect of sacrum, ilium; transverse processes of L1-L5, T1-T12, and C1-C4.
  • Insertion: spinous processes above the origin.

Function.

  • Concentric action: neck and spinal extension, lateral flexion, and contralateral flexion.
  • Reverse mover action: anterior til of pelvis, lower spine extension. Lesser: ipsilateral elevation of pelvis, lateral flexion of lower spine, ipsilateral rotation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows spinal flexion and rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of the spine.
  • Innervation: corresponding cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries.

Clinical Significance.

 

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.