Month: September 2018

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Flexor Carpi Radialis.

Structure.

• Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus.
• Insertion: second and third metacarpals.

Function.

• Concentric action: flexes and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint. Lesser: elbow flexion, forearm pronation.
• Reverse mover action: forearm flexion, radial deviation at wrist joint, elbow flexion, pronation, lateral rotation at shoulder joint.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows wrist extension, ulnar deviation, elbow extension, supination.
• Isometric action: stabilize wrist, elbow, and radioulnar joint.
• Innervation: median nerve.
• Arterial supply: ulnar and radial arteries (branch of brachial artery).

Clinical Significance.

Flexor carpi radialis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Supinator.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, and ridge near radial notch of ulna (supinator crest).
• Insertion: lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radius.

Function.

• Concentric action: forearm supination. Lesser degree: elbow flexion.
• Reverse muscle action: supination; arm flexion; medial rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint.
• Eccentric action: forearm pronation (lesser degree: elbow extension).
• Isometric action: stabilization of the proximal radioulnar joint and elbow.
• Innervation: deep radial nerve.
• Arterial supply: branches off radial artery; interosseus recurrent and posterior interosseus arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Supinator. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Pronator Quadratus.

Structure.

• Origin: distal portion of ulnar shaft.
• Insertion: distal portion of radial shaft.

Function.

• Concentric action: pronates forearm.
• Reverse mover action: pronates forearm; lateral rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint.
• Eccentric action: supination.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the distal radioulnar joint.
• Innervation: median nerve.
• Arterial supply: anterior interosseus artery (branch of ulnar artery).

Clinical Significance.

Pronator quadratus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Pronator Teres.

Structure.

• Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, and coronoid process of ulna.
• Insertion: midlateral surface of radius.

Function.

• Concentric action: pronates forearm at radioulnar joints and weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint.
• Reverse mover action: pronation of forearm; elbow flexion.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elbow supination and elbow extension.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the elbow.
• Innervation: median nerve.
• Arterial supply: ulnar artery, radial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Pronator teres. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Aconeus.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus.
• Insertion: olecranon and superior portion of ulnar shaft.

Function.

• Concentric action: elbow extension.
• Reverse mover action: elbow extension.
• Eccentric action: elbow flexion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the elbow.
• Innervation: radial nerve.
• Arterial supply: deep brachial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Anconeus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Triceps Brachii.

Structure.

• Origin: long head—infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, a projection inferior to glenoid cavity; lateral head—lateral and posterior surfaces of humerus superior to radial groove; medial head—posterior surface of humerus inferior to groove for radial nerve.
• Insertion: olecranon process of ulna.

Function.

• Concentric action: elbow extension; shoulder extension. Adduction of shoulder (long head); shoulder extension (glenohumeral joint).
• Reverse mover action: arm extension at elbow; scapular downward rotation; protraction and lateral tilt of scapula.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, horizontal flexion, scapular upward rotation, scapular retraction, scpular medial tilt.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the elbow and shoulder girdle.
• Innervation: radial nerve.
• Arterial supply: deep brachial artery; circumflex scapular artery.

Clinical Significance.

Triceps brachii. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Brachioradialis.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral border of distal end of humerus.
• Insertion: superior to styloid process of radius.

Function.

• Concentric action: elbow flexion; supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position.
• Reverse mover action: arm flexion at elbow; supination; pronation; medial rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint.
• Eccentric action: elbow extension.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the elbow.
• Innervation: radial nerve.
• Arterial supply: branches of brachial artery; radial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Brachioradialis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Brachialis.

Structure.

• Origin: distal, anterior surface of humerus.
• Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna.

Function.

• Concentric action: elbow flexion.
• Reverse mover action: elbow flexion.
• Eccentric action: elbow extension.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the elbow.
• Innervation: musculocutaneous and radial nerve.
• Arterial supply: brachial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Brachialis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Biceps Brachii.

Structure.

• Origin: short head—corocoid process; long head—tubercle above glenoid cavity on scapula (supraglenoid tubercle).
• Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius, and bicipital aponeurosis.

Function.

• Concentric action: elbow flexion, supination of radioulnar joint, shoulder flexion.
• Reverse mover action: arm flexion at elbow; supination; medial rotation at glenohumeral joint; upward tilt of scapula; scapular downward rotation; lateral tilt of scapula; scapular retraction.
• Eccentric action: elbow extension, pronation of radioulnar joint, shoulder extension.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the elbow and shoulder girdle.
• Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve.
• Arterial supply: branches of the brachial artery; anterior circumflex humeral artery.

Clinical Significance.

Biceps brachii. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Subscapularis.

Structure.

• Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula.
• Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus.

Function.

• Concentric action: shoulder internal/medial rotation.
• Reverse mover action: medial tilt of scapula.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows shoulder external/lateral rotation, and scapular lateral tilt.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the shoulder girdle.
• Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerve.
• Arterial supply: circumflex scapular artery (branch of subscapular artery); dorsal scapular and suprascapular arteries; lateral thoracic artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/subscapularis/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PiMaQjHLI0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhKUUDkqFu4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5mMs-ee1HE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJkJ8PAFv5w

Subscapularis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.