Month: September 2018

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Psoas Major.

Structure.

• Origin: transverse processes and lateral bodies of the last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae including intervertebral discs.
• Insertion: with ilacus into lesser trochanter of the femur.
• Of iliopsoas group.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerates hip flexion and external/lateral rotation; extends and rotates lumbar spine. Lesser: ipsilateral pelvic elevation.
• Reverse mover action: trunk flexion and lateral flexion; anterior pelvic tilt; contralateral rotation of trunk and pelvis.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates hip extension and internal rotation; lumbar spine extension and lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
• Innervation: spinal nerve branches of L2-L3.
• Arterial supply: lumbar artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/psoas-major/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLNXAs4vWkE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmvpoVWBwUw
• https://youtu.be/7BbxUIhYxzA

Psoas major. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Platysma.

Structure.

• Origin: skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest.
• Insertion: inferior border of mandible and skin over lower face and angle of mouth.

Function.

• Concentric action: draws up skin at superior chest and neck to create ridges of skin of neck; depresses and draws lower lip laterally; depresses mandible at TMJ.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery and transverse cervical artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/organisation-of-the-neck/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/platysma/

Platysma. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Orbicularis Oris.

Structure.

• Origin: muscle fibers surrounding the opening of the mouth.
• Insertion: skin at corner of mouth.
• Superficial.

Function.

• Concentric action: closes and protrudes lips (like kissing); compress lips against teeth; shapes lips during speech.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.
• “Orbicularis oris kissed a hare and a tortoise”.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/content/orbicularis-oris

Orbicularis oris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Mentalis.

Structure.

• Origin: mandible.
• Insertion: skin of chin.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates and protrudes lower lip and pulls skin of chin (pout).
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.
• “Pouting”.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/content/mentalis

Mentalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Depressor Anguli Oris.

Structure.

• Origin: mandible.
• Insertion: angle of mouth.
• Superficial.

Function.

• Concentric action: draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly (opening mouth).
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.
• “Depressor the frowner”.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/depressor-anguli-oris/

Depressor anguli oris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Risorius.

Structure.

• Origin: fascia over parotid/salivary gland.
• Insertion: skin at angle of mouth.
• Superficial to buccinator and zygomaticus major-minor.

Function.

• Concentric action: draws angle of mouth laterally.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.
• “Risorius the grimacer”.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/risorius/

Risorius. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Levator Anguli Oris.

Structure.

• Origin: inferior to infraorbital foramen.
• Insertion: skin of lower lip and orbicularis oris.

Function.

• Concentric action: draws angle of mouth laterally and superiorly.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/levator-anguli-oris/

Levator anguli oris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Zygomaticus Major.

Structure.

• Origin: zygomatic bone.
• Insertion: skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris.
• Superficial.

Function.

• Concentric action: draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling).
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.
• “Smile”.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/zygomaticus-major/

Zygomaticus major. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Zygomaticus Minor.

Structure.

• Origin: zygomatic bone.
• Insertion: upper lip.
• Superficial.

Function.

• Concentric action: raises (elevates) upper lip exposing maxillary teeth.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.
• “Toothy grin”.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/zygomaticus-minor/

Zygomaticus minor. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Levator Labii Superioris.

Structure.

• Origin: superior to infraorbital foramen of maxilla.
• Insertion: skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates upper lip, everts upper lip.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/levator-labii-superioris/

Levator labii superioris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.