Month: September 2018

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi.

Structure.

• Origin: front of maxilla.
• Insertion: skin upper lip and lateral nostril.

Function.

• Concentric action: raises upper lip, flares nostril, everts upper lip.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: infraorbital artery.

Clinical Significance.

Levator labii superioris alaeque. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Depressor Septi Nasi.

Structure.

• Origin: incisive fossa of maxilla.
• Insertion: nasal septum and posterior alar.

Function.

• Concentric action: constricts nostril.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Depressor septi nasi. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Nasalis.

Structure.

• Origin: maxilla.
• Insertion: nasal cartilage.
• Alar and transverse parts.

Function.

• Concentric action: flares nostrils, constricts nostrils.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Nasalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Procerus.

Structure.

• Origin: midline of nasal bone and nasal cartilage.
• Insertion: skin between the eyebrows on the forehead and into the occipitofrontalis.
• Shaped like a pyramid.

Function.

• Concentric action: wrinkle skin of nose upward; draws medial eyebrow downward.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Corrugator Supercilii.

Structure.

• Origin: medial end of superciliary arch of frontal bone.
• Insertion: skin of eyebrow.

Function.

• Concentric action: moves eyebrows inferiorly and medial; and wrinkles skin of forehead vertically (frown).
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial nerve VII, temporal branch.
• Arterial supply: supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/corrugator-supercilii/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Nuja7DqKrw

Corrugator supercilii. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Levator Palpebrae Superioris.

Structure.

• Origin: root of orbit (smaller wing of sphenoid).
• Insertion: skin of upper eyelid.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates upper eyelid, opens eye.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: oculomotor III nerve.
• Arterial supply: ophthalmic artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/levator-palpebrae-superioris/
• https://youtu.be/0ANEzOBLcsk

Levator palpebrae superioris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Orbicularis Oculi.

Structure.

• Origin: medial wall of orbit.
• Insertion: circular, around orbit.
• Orbital, palpebral, and lacrimal parts.

Function.

• Concentric action: closes/squints eye. Lesser: depress upper eyelid (palpebral); elevate lower eyelid (palpebral); retract lower eyelid (lacrimal); tear transport and drainage (lacrimal)
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery and superficial temporal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/orbicularis-oculi/
• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/

Orbicularis Oculi. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Auricularis Group.

Structure.

• Auricularis Anterior
  • Origin: temporal fascia/galea aponeurotica (lateral margin).
  • Insertion: major helix/spine of helix (ear).
• Auricularis Superior
  • Origin: temporal fascia/galea aponeurotica (lateral margin).
  • Insertion: superior (to the ear) aspect of cranial surface.
• Auricularis Posterior
  • Origin: the mastoid area of the temporal bone.
  • Insertion: ponticulus (ridge) of eminentia conchae.

Function.

• Concentric action: brings/draws the ear anteriorly (auricularis anterior); elevates ear (auricularis superior); brings/draws ear posteriorly (auricularis posterior).
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: superficial temporal and posterior auricular arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Auricularis group. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles— Temporoparietalis.

Structure.

• Origin: aponeurosis above auricularis.
• Insertion: galeal aponeurosis.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates ear; tightens scalp.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: superficial temporal and posterior auricular arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Temporoparietalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Loyola University Medical Education Network. (n.d.). Temporoparietalis. Retrieved from http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/tepa.htm

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Occipitofrontalis.

Structure.

• Origin: frontal belly—epicranial aponeurosis; occipital belly—occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone.
• Insertion: frontal belly—skin superior to supraorbital margin; occipital belly—epicranial aponeurosis.

Function.

• Concentric action: frontal belly—raises eyebrows, draw scalp anteriorly, wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally (surprised look); occipital belly—draws scalp posteriorly.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: occipitalis–occipital and posterior auricular arteries; frontalis-supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of ophthalmic artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/occipitofrontalis/
• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/

Occipitofrontalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.