Month: September 2018

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Omohyoid.

Structure.

• Origin: superior border of scapula and superior transverse ligament.
• Insertion: body of hyoid.

Function.

• Concentric action: depress hyoid.
• Reverse mover action: elevate scapula.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows hyoid elevation, scapular depression.
• Isometric action: stabilize hyoid, scapula, and clavicle.
• Innervation: branches of spinal nerves C1-C3.
• Arterial supply: superior thyroid artery and transverse cervical artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/omohyoid/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHTBKtd36OA

Omohyoid. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Thyrohyoid.

Structure.

• Origin: thyroid cartilage of larynx.
• Insertion: greater horn of hyoid.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates thyroid cartilage of larynx; depress hyoid.
• Reverse mover action: elevate thyroid cartilage.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of hyoid, depression of thyroid cartilage.
• Isometric action: stabilize hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage.
• Innervation: branches of spinal nerves C1-C3; descending hypoglossal XII nerve.
• Arterial supply: superior thyroid artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/thyrohyoid/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1rQu_hmaYU

Thyrohyoid. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Sternohyoid.

Structure.

• Origin: medial end of clavicle, manubrium.
• Insertion: body of hyoid.

Function.

• Concentric action: depress hyoid.
• Reverse mover action: elevate sternum.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of hyoid, depression of sternum.
• Isometric action: stabilize hyoid.
• Innervation: branches of spinal nerves C1-C3.
• Arterial supply: superior thyroid artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/sternohyoid/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bh2SH1a9pZA

Sternohyoid. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Stylohyoid.

Structure.

• Origin: styloid process of temporal bone.
• Insertion: body of hyoid.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates and posteriorly draws hyoid.
• Reverse mover action: extends head.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows depression of hyoid.
• Isometric action: stabilizes hyoid.
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: occipital, posterior auricular, and facial arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/stylohyoid/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvgSHU5sMOU

Stylohyoid. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Geniohyoid.

Structure.

• Origin: inner mandibular surface.
• Insertion: body of hyoid.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates and hyoid; protracts hyoid and tongue; depress mandible.
• Reverse mover action: elevate hyoid.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of mandible, depression of hyoid.
• Isometric action: stabilize hyoid.
• Innervation: first cervical spinal nerve.
• Arterial supply: lingual artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wU-qmhznSaM

Geniohyoid. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Mylohyoid.

Structure.

• Origin: inner mandibular surface.
• Insertion: body of hyoid.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates and hyoid and floor of mouth; depresses mandible; head/neck flexion.
• Reverse mover action: elevate hyoid.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of mandible, head/neck extension, depression of hyoid.
• Isometric action: stabilizes mandible and hyoid.
• Innervation: mandibular division of trigeminal V nerve.
• Arterial supply: inferior alveolar artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/mylohyoid/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMawJfF1_ng

Mylohyoid. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Digastric.

Structure.

• Origin: Anterior belly: digatric fossa on deep surface of symphysis menti. Posterior belly: mastoid process of temporal bone.
• Insertion: hyoid bone via intermediate tendon.

Function.

• Concentric action: depress, retract mandible; flexes head/neck; head extension.
• Reverse mover action: elevate hyoid.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation and protraction of mandible; extension of head/neck; flexion of head; depression of hyoid.
• Isometric action: stabilization of hyoid.
• Innervation: trigeminal nerve V, facial nerve VII.
• Arterial supply: occipital, posterior auricular, and facial arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/content/digastric
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxqCWyindCI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Md9b1YyUPew

Digastric. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Medial Pterygoid.

Structure.

• Origin: medial surface of lateral portion of pterygoid process of sphenoid; maxilla.
• Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates, contralaterally deviates, and protracts mandible.
• Reverse mover action: move cranium inferiorly, posteriorly and laterally (ipsilateral deviation) toward mandible.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows depression, retraction, and ipsilateral deviation of mandible.
• Isometric action: stabilizes mandible.
• Innervation: trigeminal V nerve.
• Arterial supply: maxillary artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/medial-pterygoid/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXKnd_yIU2Y

Medial pterygoid. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Lateral Pterygoid.

Structure.

• Origin: greater sphenoid wing and lateral surfaces of sphenoid.
• Insertion: mandibular condyle; temporomandibular joint.

Function.

• Concentric action: protracts and depress mandible (opening mouth); moves mandible from side to side; contralateral deviation of the mandible.
• Reverse mover action: moves cranium posterior and lateral (ipsilaterally) toward mandible.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows retraction and ipsilateral deviation of mandible.
• Isometric action: stabilizes mandible.
• Innervation: trigeminal V nerve.
• Arterial supply: maxillary artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/lateral-pterygoid/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYisgSo03Ds

Lateral pterygoid. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Masseter.

Structure.

• Origin: maxilla and zygomatic arch.
• Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates, protracts, and retracts mandible, closes mouth.
• Reverse mover action: moves cranium inferiorly, posteriorly, and anteriorly toward mandible.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows depression, retraction and protraction of mandible.
• Isometric action: stabilize mandible.
• Innervation: trigeminal V nerve.
• Arterial supply: maxillary and transverse facial arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/masseter/
• https://youtu.be/BJ9uUSyhyYc

Masseter. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.