Month: September 2018

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Temporalis.

Structure.

• Origin: temporal bone.
• Insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates and retracts mandible.
• Reverse mover action: move temporal bone inferior and anteriorly toward mandible.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows depression and protraction of mandible.
• Isometric action: stabilization of mandible at TMJ.
• Innervation: trigeminal nerve.
• Arterial supply: maxillary and superficial temporal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/content/temporalis
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rde5qudjiQY

Temporalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Subcostales.

Structure.

• Origin: inner surface of one rib.
• Insertion: inner surface of second or third rib below, near the angle.

Function.

• Concentric action: depress ribs 8-10.
• Reverse mover action: elevate ribs 10-12.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of ribs 8-10 or depression of ribs 10-12.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the lower 5 ribs.
• Innervation: intercostal nerves.
• Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Levatores Costarum.

Structure.

• Origin: transverse processes C7 to T11.
• Insertion: posterior surface and angle of rib below.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevate ribs.
• Reverse mover action: trunk lateral flexion, extension, and contralateral rotation.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows rib depression; trunk contralateral lateral flexion, flexion, and ipsilateral rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilizesternocostal and costospinal joints and thoracic spine.
• Innervation: spinal nerves.
• Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Levatores Costarum. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles— Serratus Posterior Inferior.

Structure.

• Origin: spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T11-L2.
• Insertion: posterior aspect of ribs 9-12.

Function.

• Concentric action: depress ribs 9-12.
• Reverse mover action: contralateral rotation of T11-L2.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of ribs 9-12; ipsilateral rotation of T12-L2.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the lower ribs, and thoracolumbar spinal joints.
• Innervation: subcostal and intercostal nerves.
• Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Serratus posterior inferior. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles— Serratus Posterior Superior.

Structure.

• Origin: spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of C7-T2.
• Insertion: posterior aspect of ribs 2-5.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevate ribs 2-5.
• Reverse mover action: contralateral rotation of C7-T3.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows depression of ribs 2-5; ipsilateral rotation of C7-T3.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the upper ribs, C7, and upper thoracic spine.
• Innervation: intercostal nerves.
• Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Reerences

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Clinical Significance.

Serratus posterior superior. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Diaphragm.

Structure.

• Origin: costal region– inner surfaces of cartilages and adjacent bony regions of ribs 6-12; sternal region–posterior side of xiphoid; crural (lumbar region)–2 aponeurotic arches covering external surfaces of the quadratus lumborum and psoas major; right & left crus–from bodies of L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs.
• Insertion: central tendon.

Function.

• Concentric action: pull central tendon inferiorly, increase thoracic cavity volume vertically (resulting in inhalation).
• Reverse mover action: increase thoracic cavity volume.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows thoracic cavity compression.
• Isometric action: stabilization of trunk.
• Innervation: phrenic nerve, C3-C5.
• Arterial supply: branches of aorta and internal thoracic artery; superior and inferior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://youtu.be/UBYB3PtB2jY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LMjl68ezPA
• https://youtu.be/23-KAubf-js
• https://youtu.be/kgTL5G1ibIo

Diaphragm. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Transversus Thoracis.

Structure.

• Origin: lower 1/3 of inner side of sternum and lower three costosternal junctions.
• Insertion: costal cartilages 2-6.

Function.

• Concentric action: depression of ribs 2-6.
• Reverse mover action: sternum elevation.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of ribs 2-6, depression of sternum.
• Isometric action: stabilization rib cage and sternum.
• Innervation: intercostal nerves.
• Arterial supply: anterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Transversus thoracis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Internal Intercostals.

Structure.

• Origin: superior border of rib below.
• Insertion: inferior border of rib above.

Function.

• Concentric action: draws adjacent ribs together to decrease anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity (forced exhalation); ipsilateral trunk rotation. Lesser: trunk flexion, lateral flexion, and extension.
• Reverse mover action: elevate ribs 2-12; trunk contralateral rotation, flexion, lateral flexion, and extension.
• Eccentric action: control/restrain/slows rib 1-11 elevation and depression; trunk contralateral rotation and ipsilateral rotation; flexion, extension, and contralateral lateral flexion of trunk.
• Isometric action: stabilization of ribs and spine.
• Innervation: thoracic nerve T2-T12.
• Arterial supply: anterior intercostal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries, costocervical trunk and superior thoracic artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Fw5ibdD6d4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwDxbNqEVaA

Internal intercostals. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—External Intercostals.

Structure.

• Origin: inferior border of rib above.
• Insertion: superior border of rib below.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevate ribs and increase anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity (inhalation); contralateral rotation of trunk. Lesser: trunk flexion, extension, lateral flexion.
• Reverse mover action: depress ribs 1-11; trunk rotation, lateral flexion, flexion, ipsilateral rotation.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows depression of ribs 2-12; trunk ipsilateral rotation, flexion, extension, and contralateral lateral flexion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of ribs and trunk.
• Innervation: thoracic nerve T2-T12.
• Arterial supply: anterior intercostal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries, costocervical trunk and superior thoracic arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8_mPEkb2gA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwDxbNqEVaA

External intercostals. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Psoas Minor.

Structure.

• Origin: bodies of T12 and L1 and intervening intervertebral disc.
• Insertion: fascia covering psoas major and iliacus.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerates hip flexion and external/lateral rotation; extends and rotates lumbar spine.
• Reverse mover action: pelvis posterior tilt, lower trunk flexion, ipsilateral pelvic elevation.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates hip extension and internal rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
• Innervation: spinal nerve branches of L2-L3.
• Arterial supply: lumbar arteries, arteria lumbalis ima of median sacral artery, lumbar part of iliolumbar artery, common iliac artery.

Clinical Significance.

Psoas minor. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.