Category: Muscles

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Flexor Digitorum Superficialis.

Structure.

• Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna and a ridge along lateral margin of anterior surface (anterior oblique line) of radius.
• Insertion: middle phalanx of each finger.

Function.

• Concentric action: flexes middle phalanx of each finger at proximal interphalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of each finger at metacarpophalangeal joint, and hand at wrist joint.
• Reverse mover action: flex metacarpals at metacarpophalangeal joint; flex wrist; elbow flexion.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows MCP and PIP extension, wrist extension, elbow extension.
• Isometric action: stabilize MCP and PIP, wrist, and elbow.
• Innervation: median nerve.
• Arterial supply: ulnar and radial arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Flexor digitorum superficialis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus.
• Insertion: third metacarpal.

Function.

• Concentric action: extends and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint. Lesser: elbow flexion, pronation, supination.
• Reverse mover action: extension and radial deviation of wrist; elbow flexion, pronation, supination.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows wrist flexion and ulnar deviation; elbow extension; supination, pronation.
• Isometric action: stabilize wrist and elbow.
• Innervation: radial nerve.
• Arterial supply: branches of brachial artery; radial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Extensor carpi radialis brevis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.
• Insertion: second metacarpal.

Function.

• Concentric action: extends and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint. Lesser: elbow flexion, pronation, supination.
• Reverse mover action: wrist extension and deviation; elbow flexion; pronation; supination.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows wrist flexion and ulnar deviation; elbow extension; supination and pronation.
• Isometric action: stabilize wrist, elbow, and radioulnar joints.
• Innervation: radial nerves.
• Arterial supply: branches of brachial artery; radial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Extensor carpi radialis longus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Flexor Carpi Ulnaris.

Structure.

• Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and superior posterior border of ulna.
• Insertion: pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal.

Function.

• Concentric action: flexes and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist. Lesser: elbow flexion.
• Reverse mover action: flexion and deviations at wrist joint; elbow flexion.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows wrist extension and radial deviation, elbow extension.
• Isometric action: stabilize wrist and elbow.
• Innervation: ulnar nerve.
• Arterial supply: ulnar artery.

Clinical Significance.

Flexor carpi ulnaris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Palmaris Longus.

Structure.

• Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus.
• Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis (fascia in center of palm).

Function.

• Concentric action: weakly flexes hand at wrist joint. Lesser: wrinkles skin of palm; elbow flexion; pronation; radial deviation of hand; ulnar deviation of hand.
• Reverse mover action: forearm flexion at wrist; elbow flexion; pronation; radial and ulnar deviation at wrist.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows wrist extension, wrist ulnar and radial deviation, elbow extension, supination.
• Isometric action: stabilize wrist and elbow joints.
• Innervation: median nerve.
• Arterial supply: ulnar artery.

Clinical Significance.

Palmaris longus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Flexor Carpi Radialis.

Structure.

• Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus.
• Insertion: second and third metacarpals.

Function.

• Concentric action: flexes and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint. Lesser: elbow flexion, forearm pronation.
• Reverse mover action: forearm flexion, radial deviation at wrist joint, elbow flexion, pronation, lateral rotation at shoulder joint.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows wrist extension, ulnar deviation, elbow extension, supination.
• Isometric action: stabilize wrist, elbow, and radioulnar joint.
• Innervation: median nerve.
• Arterial supply: ulnar and radial arteries (branch of brachial artery).

Clinical Significance.

Flexor carpi radialis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Supinator.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, and ridge near radial notch of ulna (supinator crest).
• Insertion: lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radius.

Function.

• Concentric action: forearm supination. Lesser degree: elbow flexion.
• Reverse muscle action: supination; arm flexion; medial rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint.
• Eccentric action: forearm pronation (lesser degree: elbow extension).
• Isometric action: stabilization of the proximal radioulnar joint and elbow.
• Innervation: deep radial nerve.
• Arterial supply: branches off radial artery; interosseus recurrent and posterior interosseus arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Supinator. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Pronator Quadratus.

Structure.

• Origin: distal portion of ulnar shaft.
• Insertion: distal portion of radial shaft.

Function.

• Concentric action: pronates forearm.
• Reverse mover action: pronates forearm; lateral rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint.
• Eccentric action: supination.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the distal radioulnar joint.
• Innervation: median nerve.
• Arterial supply: anterior interosseus artery (branch of ulnar artery).

Clinical Significance.

Pronator quadratus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Pronator Teres.

Structure.

• Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, and coronoid process of ulna.
• Insertion: midlateral surface of radius.

Function.

• Concentric action: pronates forearm at radioulnar joints and weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint.
• Reverse mover action: pronation of forearm; elbow flexion.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elbow supination and elbow extension.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the elbow.
• Innervation: median nerve.
• Arterial supply: ulnar artery, radial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Pronator teres. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Aconeus.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus.
• Insertion: olecranon and superior portion of ulnar shaft.

Function.

• Concentric action: elbow extension.
• Reverse mover action: elbow extension.
• Eccentric action: elbow flexion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the elbow.
• Innervation: radial nerve.
• Arterial supply: deep brachial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Anconeus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.