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Structure.

• Origin: ischial and pubic rami.
• Insertion: median raphe in male and vaginal wall in female.

Function.

• Concentric action: aids in expelling last drops of urine and semen in male and urine in female.
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: sacral spinal nerve S4 and inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve.
• Arterial supply: males, bulbourethral artery; females, internal pudendal artery from the internaliliac artery.

Clinical Significance.

External urethral sphincter. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: ischial rami.
• Insertion: perineal body of perineum.

Function.

• Concentric action: helps expel last drops of urine and semen in male and urine in female.
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: perineal branch of pudendal nerve of sacral plexus.
• Arterial supply: perineal branch of the internal pudendal artery.

Clinical Significance.

Deep transverse perineal. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: ischial tuberosity and ischial and pubic rami.
• Insertion: corpus cavernosum of penis in male and clitoris in female.

Function.

• Concentric action: maintain erection of penis in male and clitoris in female.
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: perineal branch of pudendal nerve of sacral plexus.
• Arterial supply: perineal artery.

Clinical Significance.

Ischiocavernosus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: perineal body of perineum.
• Insertion: perineal membrane of deep muscles of perineum corpus spongiosum of penis, and deep fascia on dorsum of penis in male; pubic arch and root and dorsum of clitoris in female.

Function.

• Concentric action: aids in expelling urine, propel semen, assists in erection, constricts vaginal orifice and assists in erection of clitoris in female.
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: perineal branch of pudendal nerve of sacral plexus.
• Arterial supply: internal pudendal artery and its branch (perineal artery).

Clinical Significance.

Bulbospongiosus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: ischial tuberosity.
• Insertion: perineal body of perineum.

Function.

• Concentric action: stabilize perineal body of perineum.
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: perineal branch of pudendal nerve of sacral plexus.
• Arterial supply: perineal branch of the internal pudendal artery.

Clinical Significance.

Superficial transverse perineal. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: ischial spine.
• Insertion: lower sacrum and upper coccyx.

Function.

• Concentric action: support/maintain position of pelvic viscera; resists increase in intra-abdominal pressure (during forced exhalation coughing, vomiting, urination, defecation, childbirth); constrict anus, urethra, and vagina.
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: sacral spinal nerves S4-S5.
• Arterial supply: inferior gluteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.imaios.com/en/e-Anatomy/Anatomical-Parts/Ischiococcygeus-Coccygeus
• https://youtu.be/ZqGzXp8AeN0

Ischiococcygeus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Levator ani has two parts: pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus.

Function.

• Concentric action:
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation:
• Arterial supply:

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://youtu.be/ZaIRPhXavVg
• https://www.pelvicrehabilitation.com/rectal-pain-levator-ani-syndrome-video/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8FJJN6pn-M

Levator Ani. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: pubis.
• Insertion: coccyx, urethra, anal canal, perineal body of the perineum, anococcygeal ligament.

Function.

• Concentric action: supports & maintains position of pelvic viscera; attenuates/resists increase in intra-abdominal pressure in forced exhalation coughing vomiting, urination, and defecation; constricts anus, urethra, and vagina.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: sacral spinal nerves S2-S4.
• Arterial supply: inferior gluteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.imaios.com/en/e-Anatomy/Anatomical-Parts/Pubococcygeus
• https://youtu.be/B1Y9zZsbhx4
• https://youtu.be/6lx-udPH1vM

Pubococcygeus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Iliococcygeus.

Structure.

• Origin: ischial spine.
• Insertion: coccyx.

Function.

• Concentric action: supports & maintains position of pelvic viscera; attenuates/resists increase in intra-abdominal pressure in forced exhalation coughing vomiting, urination, and defecation; constricts anus, urethra, and vagina.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: sacral spinal nerves S2-S4.
• Arterial supply: inferior gluteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://vimeo.com/208129248
• https://youtu.be/D4Mrytn9Cw0

Iliococcygeus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Inferior oblique.

Structure.

• Origin: manubrium.

• Insertion: thyroid cartilage of larynx.

Function.

• Concentric action: depress thyroid cartilage of larynx.

• Eccentric action:

• Isometric action:

• Innervation: branches of spinal nerves C1-C3.

• Aterial supply: superior thyroid artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/sternothyroid/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJRjqZ1smlo

Sternothyroid. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.