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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Inferior rectus.

Structure.

• Origin: orbit around optic foramen (common tendinous ring).
• Insertion: inferior and central part of eyeball.

Function.

• Concentric action: moves eyeball inferiorly and medially; medial rotation.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial III nerve.
• Arterial supply: branches off the opthalmic artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/inferior-rectus/
• https://apps.medsch.ucla.edu/medyear1/Anatomy/extraocularMuscles/InferiorRectus.htm

Inferior rectus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Depressor labii inferioris.

Structure.

• Origin: mandible.
• Insertion: skin of lower lip.

Function.

• Concentric action: depresses (lowers) lower lip; draws laterally the lower lip; everts lower lip.
• Reverse mover action:
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery (branch of the external carotid artery).

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/depressor-labii-inferioris/

Depressor labii inferioris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Dorsal Interossei Pedis.

Structure.

• Origin: adjacent side of metatarsals.
• Insertion: proximal phalanges (both sides of toe II and lateral side of toes 3-4).

Function.

• Concentric action: adduction and flexion of proximal metatarsophalangeal joints; extension of toes at interphalangeal joints.
• Reverse mover action: abduction of metatarsals of toes 2-4 at MTP; flexion of metatarsals at MTP; extension of proximal phalanges at PIP and DIP.

• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates adduction of MTP of toes 2-4; extension of MTP of toes 2-4; flexion of PIP and DIP of toes 2-4.

• Isometric action: stabilize MTP, DIP, PIP.

• Innervation: lateral plantar nerve.
• Arterial supply: branches of plantar arch.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/dorsal-interossei-of-foot/
• https://stuart-hinds.com/blogs/performance-therapy/using-cupping-to-treat-the-deep-muscles-of-the-foot

Dorsal interossei pedis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Plantar Interossei.

Structure.

• Origin: metatarsals 3-5.
• Insertion: medial side of proximal phalanges of toes III-V.

Function.

• Concentric action: adduction and flexion of proximal metatarsophalangeal joints; extension of toes at interphalangeal joints.
• Reverse mover action: adduction of metatarsals of toes 3-5 at MTP; flexion of metatarsals at MTP; extension of proximal phalanges at PIP and DIP.

• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates abduction, extension, and flexion of toes 3-5 at MTP and IP joints. 

• Isometric action: stabilizes MTP, PIP, and DIP joints. 

• Innervation: lateral plantar nerve.
• Arterial supply: branches of plantar arch.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/plantar-interossei/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKbA9RSIhmw
• https://training.releasology.com/plantar-interossei/

Plantar interossei. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Adductor Hallucis.

Structure.

• Origin: metatarsals 2-4, ligaments of 3-5 metatarsophalangeal joints, and tendon of peroneus longus.
• Insertion: lateral side of proimal phalanx of great toe.

Function.

• Concentric action: adducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint.
• Reverse mover action: adduction of hallux at MTP; flexion of hallux at MTP.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates abduction and extension of MTP of hallux.
• Isometric action: stabilize hallux at MTP.
• Innervation: lateral plantar nerve.
• Arterial supply: branches of plantar arch.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/adductor-hallucis/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egRnwkiX5bg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=216qmTiOAQw

Adductor hallucis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis, Pedis.

Structure.

• Origin: metatarsal 5 and tendon of peroneus longus.
• Insertion: lateral side of proimal phalanx of little toe.

Function.

• Concentric action: flex little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint.
• Reverse mover action: flex metatarsal of little toe at MTP.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates extension of MTP at little toe.
• Isometric action: stabilize little toe MTP.
• Innervation: lateral plantar nerve.
• Arterial supply: lateral plantar artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/content/flexor-digiti-minimi-of-foot
• https://vimeo.com/97010434

Flexor digiti minimi brevis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Flexor Hallucis Brevis.

Structure.

• Origin: cuboid and 1/3 lateral cuneiform.
• Insertion: medial and lateral sides of proximal phalanx of great toe via a tendon containing a sesamoid bone.

Function.

• Concentric action: flexion of great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint.
• Reverse mover action: flex metatarsal of hallux at MTP.
• Eccentric action: control/restrains/decelerate extension of MTP of hallux.
• Isometric action: stabilization of MTP of hallux.
• Innervation: medial plantar nerve.
• Arterial supply: medial plantar artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/flexor-hallucis-brevis/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1ngV2Or7wY

Flexor hallucis brevis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Lumbricals Pedis.

Structure.

• Origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
• Insertion: tendons of extensor digitorum longus on proximal phalanges of toes II-V.

Function.

• Concentric action: extends toes II-V at interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.
• Reverse mover action: flex metatarsals at MTP; extend proximal phalanges at PIP and DIP.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates flexion at PIP and DIP; extension of MTP.
• Isometric action: stabilize MTP, PIP, DIP.
• Innervation: medial and lateral plantar nerves.
• Arterial supply: medial and lateral arteries, plantar arch.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/lumbricals-of-foot/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeQ3R16AZgk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AwzFvFRKn4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKbA9RSIhmw

Lumbricals. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Quadratus Plantae.

Structure.

• Origin: calcaneus.
• Insertion: tendon of flexor digitorum longus.

Function.

• Concentric action: helps flexor digitorum longus to flex toes II-V at interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.
• Reverse mover action: flexion of metarsals at MTP, and flexion of proximal phalanges at PIP and DIP.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates extension at MTP, PIP, and DIP.
• Isometric action: stabilizes MTP, PIP, and DIP.
• Innervation: lateral plantar nerve.
• Arterial supply: medial and lateral plantar arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/quadratus-plantae/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVzVS7YRx7I
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBTsXyz8n7M
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ep9QIn2eZtk

Quadratus plantae. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Flexor Digitorum Brevis.

Structure.

• Origin: calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis.
• Insertion: sides of middle phalanx of toes II-IV.

Function.

• Concentric action: flexes toes II-IV at proximal interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.
• Reverse mover action: flex metatarsals at MTP, flex prosimal phalanges at PIP.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates extension of toes 2-5 at MTP and PIP, and extension of metatarsals 2-5 at MTP.
• Isometric action: stabilize MTP and PIP.
• Innervation: medial plantar nerve.
• Arterial supply: medial and lateral plantar arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/flexor-digitorum-brevis/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBTsXyz8n7M

Flexor digitorum brevis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.