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Muscles: Soleus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Soleus.

Structure.

  • Origin: posterior surface of the fibular head and proximal one-third of its shaft and from the posterior side of the tibia.
  • Insertion: calcaneus via Achilles tendon.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerates plantar flexion.
  • Reverse mover action: plantarflexion; inversion/supination of talus at subtalar joint.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates ankle dorsiflexion.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of foot and ankle.
  • Innervation: tibial nerve.
  • Arterial supply: sural branches of popliteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Gastrocnemius.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Gastrocnemius.

Structure.

  • Origin: posterior aspect of the lateral and medial femoral condyles.
  • Insertion: calcaneus via the Achilles tendon.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerates plantar flexion.
  • Reverse mover action: plantarflexion, inversion/supination of the talus at subtalar joint.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates ankle dorsiflexion.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of foot and ankle.
  • Innervation: tibial nerve.
  • Arterial supply: sural branches of popliteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Fibularis Brevis.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis.

Structure.

  • Origin: body of fibula.
  • Insertion: base of metatarsal V.

Function.

  • Concentric action: plantar flexion; eversion at intertarsal joints.
  • Reverse mover action: evert/pronates talus at subtalar joint.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates inversion/supination at subtalar joint; ankle dorsiflexion.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of ankle and subtalar joints.
  • Innervation: superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve.
  • Arterial supply: fibular artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Fibularis Longus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus.

Structure.

  • Origin: fibular head and body; lateral condyle of tibia.
  • Insertion: metatarsal I and first cuneiform.

Function.

  • Concentric action: plantar flexion; eversion.
  • Reverse mover action: evert talus at subtalar joint; plantar flexion.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates ankle dorsiflexion and inversion.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of foot and ankle.
  • Innervation: superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve.
  • Arterial supply: fibular artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Fibularis Tertius.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius.

Structure.

  • Origin: distal third of fibula and interosseous membrane.
  • Insertion: base of metatarsal V.

Function.

  • Concentric action: dorsiflexion; eversion at intertarsal joints.
  • Reverse mover action: dorsiflexion and eversion (at talus).
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates ankle plantarflexion, supination at subtalar joint.
  • Isometric action: stabilize ankle and subtalar joints.
  • Innervation: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve.
  • Arterial supply: anterior tibial artery.

Clinical Significance.

 

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Tibialis Anterior.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Tibialis Anterior.

Structure.

  • Origin: lateral condyle & proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia.
  • Insertion: medial & plantar aspects of the medial cuneiform & base of first metatarsal.

Function.

  • Concentric action: ankle dorsiflexion; inversion.
  • Reverse mover action: dorsiflex and invert (supinate) talus.
  • Eccentric action: ankle plantar flexion & eversion.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of foot arch.
  • Innervation: deep peroneal (aka fibular) nerve.
  • Arterial supply: anterior tibial artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Popliteus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Popliteus.

Structure.

  • Origin: lateral condyle of femur.
  • Insertion: proximal tibia.

Function.

  • Concentric action: knee flexion; medial rotation of tibia to unlock and extend knee.
  • Reverse mover action: lateral rotation and flexion of thigh.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates lateral and medial rotation of leg (at knee joint); knee extension.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of knee.
  • Innervation: tibial nerve.
  • Arterial supply: popliteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Semimembranosus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Semimembranosus.

Structure.

  • Origin: ischial tuberosity of pelvis.
  • Insertion: posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle of the tibia.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerate knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial internal/medial rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: posterior tilt pelvis; thigh flexion and lateral rotation; ipsilateral rotation and ipsilateral elevation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates knee extension, hip extension, and tibial external/lateral rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of knee and lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
  • Innervation: tibial nerve.
  • Arterial supply: inferior gluteal artery, obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Semitendinosus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Semitendinosus.

Structure.

  • Origin: ischial tuberosity of pelvis, and part of the sacrotuberous ligament.
  • Insertion: proximal aspect of the medial tibial condyle (pes anserine).

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerate knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial internal/medial rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: posterior pelvic tilt; ipsilateral rotation and ipsilateral elevation of pelvis; thigh flexion, lateral rotation.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates knee extension, hip flexion, and tibial external rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of the knee and lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
  • Innervation: tibial nerve.
  • Arterial supply: inferior gluteal artery, obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Biceps Femoris.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Biceps Femoris, Long Head.

Structure.

  • Long Head
    • Origin: ischial tuberosity of the pelvis, part of the sacrotuberous ligament.
    • Insertion: head of the fibula; lateral condyle of tibia.
  • Short Head
    • Origin: lower 1/3 of the posterior aspect (linea aspera) of the femur.
    • Insertion: head of the fibula; lateral condyle of tibia.

Function.

  • Concentric action: Long head—accelerate knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial external/lateral rotation. Short head— accelerate knee flexion and tibial external rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: contralateral rotation, ipsilateral elevation, and posteior tilt of pelvis. Thigh flexion, medial rotation.
  • Eccentric action: Long head—decelerates knee extension, hip flexion, and tibial internal/medial rotation. Short head— accelerate knee flexion and tibial external rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex and knee.
  • Innervation: tibial nerve from sciatic.
  • Arterial supply: Long head—inferior gluteal artery, perforating branches of deep femoral artery, obturator artery. Short head—perforating branches of deep femoral artery, popliteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.