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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Soleus.

Structure.

• Origin: posterior surface of the fibular head and proximal one-third of its shaft and from the posterior side of the tibia.
• Insertion: calcaneus via Achilles tendon.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerates plantar flexion.
• Reverse mover action: plantarflexion; inversion/supination of talus at subtalar joint.
• Eccentric action: decelerates ankle dorsiflexion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of foot and ankle.
• Innervation: tibial nerve.
• Arterial supply: sural branches of popliteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/soleus/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=havI3bnMlWE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLqv-Gxz3WI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEJgPRgsnnY
• https://brentbrookbush.com/articles/anatomy-articles/muscular-anatomy/soleus/

Soleus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Gastrocnemius.

Structure.

• Origin: posterior aspect of the lateral and medial femoral condyles.
• Insertion: calcaneus via the Achilles tendon.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerates plantar flexion.
• Reverse mover action: plantarflexion, inversion/supination of the talus at subtalar joint.
• Eccentric action: decelerates ankle dorsiflexion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of foot and ankle.
• Innervation: tibial nerve.
• Arterial supply: sural branches of popliteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/gastrocnemius/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DZvDF9j6rc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHkjSYQQing

Gastrocnemius. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis.

Structure.

• Origin: body of fibula.
• Insertion: base of metatarsal V.

Function.

• Concentric action: plantar flexion; eversion at intertarsal joints.
• Reverse mover action: evert/pronates talus at subtalar joint.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates inversion/supination at subtalar joint; ankle dorsiflexion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of ankle and subtalar joints.
• Innervation: superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve.
• Arterial supply: fibular artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/peroneus-brevis/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpDcqdCQIk0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wqkhm5I6bw

Fibularis brevis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus.

Structure.

• Origin: fibular head and body; lateral condyle of tibia.
• Insertion: metatarsal I and first cuneiform.

Function.

• Concentric action: plantar flexion; eversion.
• Reverse mover action: evert talus at subtalar joint; plantar flexion.
• Eccentric action: decelerates ankle dorsiflexion and inversion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of foot and ankle.
• Innervation: superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve.
• Arterial supply: fibular artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/peroneus-longus/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_0TSoPzd3A
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ck3I82N5Gag

Fibularis longus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius.

Structure.

• Origin: distal third of fibula and interosseous membrane.
• Insertion: base of metatarsal V.

Function.

• Concentric action: dorsiflexion; eversion at intertarsal joints.
• Reverse mover action: dorsiflexion and eversion (at talus).
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates ankle plantarflexion, supination at subtalar joint.
• Isometric action: stabilize ankle and subtalar joints.
• Innervation: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve.
• Arterial supply: anterior tibial artery.

Clinical Significance.

Fibuarlis tertius. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Tibialis Anterior.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral condyle & proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia.
• Insertion: medial & plantar aspects of the medial cuneiform & base of first metatarsal.

Function.

• Concentric action: ankle dorsiflexion; inversion.
• Reverse mover action: dorsiflex and invert (supinate) talus.
• Eccentric action: ankle plantar flexion & eversion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of foot arch.
• Innervation: deep peroneal (aka fibular) nerve.
• Arterial supply: anterior tibial artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/tibialis-anterior/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUUVueyaDlM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdLFfHjGSIY

Tibialis anterior. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Popliteus.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral condyle of femur.
• Insertion: proximal tibia.

Function.

• Concentric action: knee flexion; medial rotation of tibia to unlock and extend knee.
• Reverse mover action: lateral rotation and flexion of thigh.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates lateral and medial rotation of leg (at knee joint); knee extension.
• Isometric action: stabilization of knee.
• Innervation: tibial nerve.
• Arterial supply: popliteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/popliteus/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGE8_co6Dn0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7xbuAN2XDk

Popliteus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Semimembranosus.

Structure.

• Origin: ischial tuberosity of pelvis.
• Insertion: posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle of the tibia.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerate knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial internal/medial rotation.
• Reverse mover action: posterior tilt pelvis; thigh flexion and lateral rotation; ipsilateral rotation and ipsilateral elevation of pelvis.
• Eccentric action: decelerates knee extension, hip extension, and tibial external/lateral rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of knee and lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
• Innervation: tibial nerve.
• Arterial supply: inferior gluteal artery, obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/semimembranosus/
• http://orthopaedicprinciples.com/2018/05/anatomy-of-the-semimembranosus-muscle/

Semimembranosus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Semitendinosus.

Structure.

• Origin: ischial tuberosity of pelvis, and part of the sacrotuberous ligament.
• Insertion: proximal aspect of the medial tibial condyle (pes anserine).

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerate knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial internal/medial rotation.
• Reverse mover action: posterior pelvic tilt; ipsilateral rotation and ipsilateral elevation of pelvis; thigh flexion, lateral rotation.
• Eccentric action: decelerates knee extension, hip flexion, and tibial external rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the knee and lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
• Innervation: tibial nerve.
• Arterial supply: inferior gluteal artery, obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/semitendinosus/
• https://www.physio-pedia.com/Semitendinosus
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYGrfF3gHEg
• http://orthopaedicprinciples.com/2018/05/anatomy-of-the-semitendinosus-muscle/
• https://stuart-hinds.com/blogs/performance-therapy/common-sports-injuries-treating-the-hamstrings

Semitendinosus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Biceps Femoris, Long Head.

Structure.

• Long Head
  • Origin: ischial tuberosity of the pelvis, part of the sacrotuberous ligament.
  • Insertion: head of the fibula; lateral condyle of tibia.
• Short Head
  • Origin: lower 1/3 of the posterior aspect (linea aspera) of the femur.
  • Insertion: head of the fibula; lateral condyle of tibia.

Function.

• Concentric action: Long head—accelerate knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial external/lateral rotation. Short head— accelerate knee flexion and tibial external rotation.
• Reverse mover action: contralateral rotation, ipsilateral elevation, and posteior tilt of pelvis. Thigh flexion, medial rotation.
• Eccentric action: Long head—decelerates knee extension, hip flexion, and tibial internal/medial rotation. Short head— accelerate knee flexion and tibial external rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex and knee.
• Innervation: tibial nerve from sciatic.
• Arterial supply: Long head—inferior gluteal artery, perforating branches of deep femoral artery, obturator artery. Short head—perforating branches of deep femoral artery, popliteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/biceps-femoris/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSby5sZDOSw
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMiJ_7D15mA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDpJTjZ1L2o
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvCZMo-hjec

Biceps femoris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.