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Muscles: Lateral Pterygoid.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Lateral Pterygoid.

Structure.

  • Origin: greater sphenoid wing and lateral surfaces of sphenoid.
  • Insertion: mandibular condyle; temporomandibular joint.

Function.

  • Concentric action: protracts and depress mandible (opening mouth); moves mandible from side to side; contralateral deviation of the mandible.
  • Reverse mover action: moves cranium posterior and lateral (ipsilaterally) toward mandible.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows retraction and ipsilateral deviation of mandible.
  • Isometric action: stabilizes mandible.
  • Innervation: trigeminal V nerve.
  • Arterial supply: maxillary artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Masseter.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Masseter.

Structure.

  • Origin: maxilla and zygomatic arch.
  • Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible.

Function.

  • Concentric action: elevates, protracts, and retracts mandible, closes mouth.
  • Reverse mover action: moves cranium inferiorly, posteriorly, and anteriorly toward mandible.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows depression, retraction and protraction of mandible.
  • Isometric action: stabilize mandible.
  • Innervation: trigeminal V nerve.
  • Arterial supply: maxillary and transverse facial arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Temporalis.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Temporalis.

Structure.

  • Origin: temporal bone.
  • Insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible.

Function.

  • Concentric action: elevates and retracts mandible.
  • Reverse mover action: move temporal bone inferior and anteriorly toward mandible.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows depression and protraction of mandible.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of mandible at TMJ.
  • Innervation: trigeminal nerve.
  • Arterial supply: maxillary and superficial temporal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Subcostales.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Subcostales.

Structure.

  • Origin: inner surface of one rib.
  • Insertion: inner surface of second or third rib below, near the angle.

Function.

  • Concentric action: depress ribs 8-10.
  • Reverse mover action: elevate ribs 10-12.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of ribs 8-10 or depression of ribs 10-12.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of the lower 5 ribs.
  • Innervation: intercostal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

 

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Levatores Costarum.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Levatores Costarum.

Structure.

  • Origin: transverse processes C7 to T11.
  • Insertion: posterior surface and angle of rib below.

Function.

  • Concentric action: elevate ribs.
  • Reverse mover action: trunk lateral flexion, extension, and contralateral rotation.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows rib depression; trunk contralateral lateral flexion, flexion, and ipsilateral rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilizesternocostal and costospinal joints and thoracic spine.
  • Innervation: spinal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Serratus Posterior Inferior.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles— Serratus Posterior Inferior.

Structure.

  • Origin: spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T11-L2.
  • Insertion: posterior aspect of ribs 9-12.

Function.

  • Concentric action: depress ribs 9-12.
  • Reverse mover action: contralateral rotation of T11-L2.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of ribs 9-12; ipsilateral rotation of T12-L2.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of the lower ribs, and thoracolumbar spinal joints.
  • Innervation: subcostal and intercostal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Serratus Posterior Superior.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles— Serratus Posterior Superior.

Structure.

  • Origin: spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of C7-T2.
  • Insertion: posterior aspect of ribs 2-5.

Function.

  • Concentric action: elevate ribs 2-5.
  • Reverse mover action: contralateral rotation of C7-T3.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows depression of ribs 2-5; ipsilateral rotation of C7-T3.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of the upper ribs, C7, and upper thoracic spine.
  • Innervation: intercostal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Reerences

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Diaphragm.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Diaphragm.

Structure.

  • Origin: costal region– inner surfaces of cartilages and adjacent bony regions of ribs 6-12; sternal region–posterior side of xiphoid; crural (lumbar region)–2 aponeurotic arches covering external surfaces of the quadratus lumborum and psoas major; right & left crus–from bodies of L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs.
  • Insertion: central tendon.

Function.

  • Concentric action: pull central tendon inferiorly, increase thoracic cavity volume vertically (resulting in inhalation).
  • Reverse mover action: increase thoracic cavity volume.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows thoracic cavity compression.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of trunk.
  • Innervation: phrenic nerve, C3-C5.
  • Arterial supply: branches of aorta and internal thoracic artery; superior and inferior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Transversus Thoracis.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Transversus Thoracis.

Structure.

  • Origin: lower 1/3 of inner side of sternum and lower three costosternal junctions.
  • Insertion: costal cartilages 2-6.

Function.

  • Concentric action: depression of ribs 2-6.
  • Reverse mover action: sternum elevation.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows elevation of ribs 2-6, depression of sternum.
  • Isometric action: stabilization rib cage and sternum.
  • Innervation: intercostal nerves.
  • Arterial supply: anterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Internal Intercostals.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Internal Intercostals.

Structure.

  • Origin: superior border of rib below.
  • Insertion: inferior border of rib above.

Function.

  • Concentric action: draws adjacent ribs together to decrease anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity (forced exhalation); ipsilateral trunk rotation. Lesser: trunk flexion, lateral flexion, and extension.
  • Reverse mover action: elevate ribs 2-12; trunk contralateral rotation, flexion, lateral flexion, and extension.
  • Eccentric action: control/restrain/slows rib 1-11 elevation and depression; trunk contralateral rotation and ipsilateral rotation; flexion, extension, and contralateral lateral flexion of trunk.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of ribs and spine.
  • Innervation: thoracic nerve T2-T12.
  • Arterial supply: anterior intercostal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries, costocervical trunk and superior thoracic artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Cedars-Sinai. (2018). Vertebrae of the spine. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vertebrae-of-the-spine.html

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.