Category: Muscles

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Adductor Longus.

Structure.

• Origin: anterior surface of the inferior pubic ramus of the pelvis.
• Insertion: proximal 1/3 of the linea aspera of the femur.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerate hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation.
• Reverse mover action: anterior tilt pelvis, ipsilateral elevation of pelvis, ipsilateral rotation of pelvis.
• Eccentric action: decelerates hip abduction, extension, and external rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
• Innervation: obturator nerve.
• Arterial supply: femoral artery, deep femoral artery, obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/adductor-longus/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-hpOrlXbY4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzdBk57c96g

Adductor longus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Pectineus.

Structure.

• Origin: pectineal line on the superior pubic ramus of pelvis.
• Insertion: pectineal line on the posterior surface of the upper femur.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerates hip adduction, medial rotation.
• Reverse mover action: anterior tilt pelvis; ipsilateral rotation of pelvis.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates hip abduction, lateral rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
• Innervation: femoral nerve.
• Arterial supply: femoral artery, deep femoral artery obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/pectineus/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noLowMVp7dc
• https://www.nielasher.com/blogs/video-blog/trigger-point-therapy-treating-pectineus
• https://www.body-n-muscles.com/2016/11/pectineus.html

Pectineus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Sartorius.

Structure.

• Origin: anterior-superior iliac spine.
• Insertion: proximal medial surface of tibia.

Function.

• Concentric action: knee flexion, abduction, and lateral hip rotation (crossing leg).
• Reverse mover action: anterior til pelvis; ipsilateral depression of pelvis; contralateral rotation of pelvis.
• Eccentric action: decelerates hip extension and internal rotation; knee extension and adduction.
• Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex and knee.
• Innervation: femoral nerve.
• Arterial supply: femoral artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/sartorius/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqR5tnxhGg0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPw4D_RPLNc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPepyKXBo3A

Sartorius. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Tensor Fascia Latae.

Structure.

• Origin: outer surface of the iliac crest just posterior to the anterior-superior iliac spine of pelvis.
• Insertion: proximal 1/3 of the iliotibial band.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerates hip flexion, abduction, and internal/medial rotation.
• Reverse mover action: anterior tilt pelvis; ipsilateral depression of pelvis; ipsilateral rotation of pelvis.
• Eccentric action: decelerates hip adduction, extension, and external rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
• Innervation: superior gluteal nerve.
• Arterial supply: superior gluteal artery; deep femoral artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/tensor-fasciae-latae/
• https://rad.washington.edu/muscle-atlas/tensor-fascia-lata/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4gXjOyu-hg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77CdIfmNmM4

Tensor fascia latae. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Iliacus.

Structure.

• Origin: iliac fossa and sacrum.
• Insertion: with psoas major into lesser trochanter of the femur.
• Of iliopsoas group.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerates hip flexion and external/lateral rotation; extends and rotates lumbar spine.
• Reverse mover action: anterior tilt pelvis; contralateral rotation of pelvis.
• Eccentric action: decelerates hip extension and internal rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
• Innervation: femoral nerve.
• Arterial supply: iliolumbar artery and obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/iliacus/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BbxUIhYxzA
• https://youtu.be/wf4minPdSBc

Iliacus. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Psoas Major.

Structure.

• Origin: transverse processes and lateral bodies of the last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae including intervertebral discs.
• Insertion: with ilacus into lesser trochanter of the femur.
• Of iliopsoas group.

Function.

• Concentric action: accelerates hip flexion and external/lateral rotation; extends and rotates lumbar spine. Lesser: ipsilateral pelvic elevation.
• Reverse mover action: trunk flexion and lateral flexion; anterior pelvic tilt; contralateral rotation of trunk and pelvis.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates hip extension and internal rotation; lumbar spine extension and lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation.
• Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
• Innervation: spinal nerve branches of L2-L3.
• Arterial supply: lumbar artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• https://www.anatomynext.com/psoas-major/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLNXAs4vWkE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmvpoVWBwUw
• https://youtu.be/7BbxUIhYxzA

Psoas major. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Platysma.

Structure.

• Origin: skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest.
• Insertion: inferior border of mandible and skin over lower face and angle of mouth.

Function.

• Concentric action: draws up skin at superior chest and neck to create ridges of skin of neck; depresses and draws lower lip laterally; depresses mandible at TMJ.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery and transverse cervical artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/organisation-of-the-neck/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/platysma/

Platysma. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Orbicularis Oris.

Structure.

• Origin: muscle fibers surrounding the opening of the mouth.
• Insertion: skin at corner of mouth.
• Superficial.

Function.

• Concentric action: closes and protrudes lips (like kissing); compress lips against teeth; shapes lips during speech.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.
• “Orbicularis oris kissed a hare and a tortoise”.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/content/orbicularis-oris

Orbicularis oris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Mentalis.

Structure.

• Origin: mandible.
• Insertion: skin of chin.

Function.

• Concentric action: elevates and protrudes lower lip and pulls skin of chin (pout).
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.
• “Pouting”.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/content/mentalis

Mentalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Depressor Anguli Oris.

Structure.

• Origin: mandible.
• Insertion: angle of mouth.
• Superficial.

Function.

• Concentric action: draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly (opening mouth).
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: facial VII nerve.
• Arterial supply: facial artery.
• “Depressor the frowner”.

Clinical Significance.

More.

• http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/
• https://www.anatomynext.com/depressor-anguli-oris/

Depressor anguli oris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.