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Structure.

• Origin: iliac crest.
• Insertion: inferior border of ribs 7-12.

Function.

• Concentric action: spinal extension, rotation and lateral flexion; maintain erect posture.
• Eccentric action: spinal flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the spine.
• Innervation: lumbar spinal nerves.
• Arterial supply: intercostal and lumbar arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Iliocostalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: ribs 7-12.
• Insertion: ribs 1-6.

Function.

• Concentric action: spinal extension, rotation and lateral flexion; maintain erect posture.
• Eccentric action: spinal flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the spine.
• Innervation: thoracic spinal nerves.
• Arterial supply: dorsal rami of posterior intercostal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Iliocostalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: ribs 1-6.
• Insertion: transverse processes of C4-C6.

Function.

• Concentric action: spinal extension, rotation and lateral flexion; maintain erect position.
• Eccentric action: spinal flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion.
• Isometric action: stabilization of the spine.
• Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerves.
• Arterial supply: intercostal and lumbar arteries.

Clinical Significance.

Iliocostalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: transverse processes C4-C6.
• Insertion: Rib 2.

Function.

• Concentric action: head flexion, elevate Rib 2 during deep inhalation (acting together); lateral head flexion, contralateral head rotation (acting singly).
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: C6-C8 spinal nerves.
• Arterial supply: ascending cervical artery and superficial cervical artery.

Clinical Significance.

Posterior scalene. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: transverse processes C2-C7.
• Insertion: Rib 1.                                                    

Function.

• Concentric action: flexes neck forward; lateral flexion of neck.
• Eccentric action:
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: C3-C8 spinal nerves.
• Arterial supply: ascending cervical artery.

Clinical Significance.

Middle scalene. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: transverse processes C3-C6.
• Insertion: Rib 1.

Function.

• Concentric action: right and left anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles flex head and elevate first ribs in deep inhalation; (acting together) head lateral flexion and contralateral rotation.
• Reverse mover action: elevate first rib.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows extension, contralateral lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation of neck, depression of first rib.
• Isometric action: stabilize neck and first rib.
• Innervation: C5-C6 spinal nerves.
• Arterial supply: ascending cervical artery.

Clinical Significance.

Anterior scalene. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, and posterior border of ulna.
• Insertion: fifth metacarpal.

Function.

• Concentric action: extends and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist joint. Lesser: elbow extension, pronation.
• Reverse mover action: wrist extension, ulnar deviation, elbow extension, pronation, lateral rotation at shoulder joint.
• Eccentric action: controls/restrains/slows wrist flexion, radial deviation, elbow flexion, supination.
• Isometric action: stabilize wrist and elbow.
• Innervation: deep radial nerve.
• Arterial supply: posterior interosseus artery.

Clinical Significance.

Extensor carpi ulnaris. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: anococcygeal ligament.
• Insertion: perineal body of perineum.
• Spans above and below the pectinate (dentate) line.

Function.

• Concentric action: keeps anal canal and anus closed.
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: sacral spinal nerve S4 and inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve.
• Arterial supply: superior rectal artery, contributions from middle rectal and median sacral arteries (above dentate line); inferior rectal artery from internal pudendal artery (below dentate line).

Clinical Significance.

External anal sphincter. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: perineal body.
• Insertion: blends with partner on other side anterior to urethra.

Function.

• Concentric action: accessory sphincter of urethra; aids in closing vagina.
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: perineal branch of the pudendal nerve of sacral plexus.
• Arterial supply: perineal branch of pudendal artery.

Clinical Significance.

Sphincter urethro vaginalis. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

Download these notes.

Structure.

• Origin: ischial and pubic rami.
• Insertion: median raphe in male and vaginal wall in female.

Function.

• Concentric action: accessory sphincter of urethra.
• Isometric action:
• Innervation: perineal branch of the pudendal nerve of sacral plexus.
• Arterial supply: males, bulbourethral artery; female, internal pudendal artery from the internaliliac artery.

Clinical Significance.

Compressor urethrae. Used with permission by 3D4Medical.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.