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Muscles: Piriformis.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Piriformis.

Structure.

  • Origin: anterior surface of sacrum.
  • Insertion: greater trochanter of femur.
  • Of deep rotator group.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerates abduction, and external/lateral rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: contralateral and ipsilateral rotation of the pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates hip flexion, adduction and internal rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization hip and sacroiliac joints.
  • Innervation: sacral spinal nerves S1 (mainly) and S2.
  • Arterial supply: superior and inferior gluteal arteries.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Gluteus Minimus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Gluteus Minimus.

Structure.

  • Origin: between anterior and inferior gluteal line of ilium.
  • Insertion: greater trochanter of femur.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerates hip abduction and internal/medial rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: ipsilateral depression of, anterior and posterior tilt of, ipsilateral and contralateral rotation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates frontal plane hip adduction and external rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
  • Innervation: superior gluteal nerve.
  • Arterial supply: superior gluteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Gluteus Medius.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Gluteus Medius.

Structure.

  • Anterior Fibers:
    • Origin: outer surface of ilium.
    • Insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur.
  • Posterior Fibers:
    • Origin: outer surface of ilium.
    • Insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur.

Function.

  • Concentric action: Anterior fibers—accelerates hip abduction and internal rotation. Posterior fibers— accelerates hip abduction and external/lateral rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: ipsilateral depression, posterior and anterior tilt, contralateral rotation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates hip adduction and external rotation.
  • Isometric action: dynamic stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
  • Innervation: superior gluteal nerve.
  • Arterial supply: superior gluteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Gluteus Maximus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Gluteus Maximus.

Structure.

  • Origin: outer ilium, posterior side of sacrum and coccyx, and part of the sacrotuberous and posterior sacroiliac ligament.
  • Insertion: gluteal tuberosity (lateral linea aspera) of the femur and iliotibial tract of fascia lata.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerates hip extension and external/lateral rotation. Upper 1/3 abduct thigh at hip joint; lower 2/3 adduct thigh at hip joint.
  • Reverse mover action: posterior tilt and contralateral rotation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates hip flexion and internal rotation, tibial internal rotation via iliotibial band.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
  • Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve.
  • Arterial supply: superior gluteal artery and inferior gluteal artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Adductor Magnus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Adductor Magnus.

Structure.

  • Anterior Fibers/Head
    • Origin: ischial ramus of pelvis.
    • Insertion: linea aspera of femur.
  • Posterior Fibers/Head
    • Origin: ischial tuberosity.
    • Insertion: adductor tubercle of femur.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerates hip adduction, flexion, and internal/medial rotation. Lesser: thigh flexion and media rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: posterior and anterior tilt pelvis; ipsilateral elevation and rotation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates hip abduction, extension, and external/lateral rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
  • Innervation: obturator and sciatic nerves.
  • Arterial supply: Anterior—femoral artery, deep femoral artery, obturator artery. Posterior—deep femoral artery, obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Adductor Brevis.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Adductor Brevis.

Structure.

  • Origin: anterior surface of the inferior pubic ramus of the pelvis.
  • Insertion: proximal 1/3 of the linea aspera of the femur.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerates hip adduction, flexion, and internal/medial rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: anterior tilt pelvis, ipsilateral elevation and rotation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates hip adduction, extension, and external rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
  • Innervation: obturator nerve.
  • Arterial supply: deep femoral artery, obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Gracilis.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Gracilis.

Structure.

  • Origin: anterior aspect of lower body of pubis.
  • Insertion: proximal medial surface of the tibia (pes anserine).

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerates hip adduction, flexion, and internal/medial rotation; assists in tibial internal rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: anterior til pelvis; ipsilateral elevation of pelvis; ipsilateral rotation of pelvis; thigh flexion, lateral rotation.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates hip abduction, extension, and external rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex and knee.
  • Innervation: obturator nerve.
  • Arterial supply: deep femoral artery, obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Adductor Longus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Adductor Longus.

Structure.

  • Origin: anterior surface of the inferior pubic ramus of the pelvis.
  • Insertion: proximal 1/3 of the linea aspera of the femur.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerate hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: anterior tilt pelvis, ipsilateral elevation of pelvis, ipsilateral rotation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates hip abduction, extension, and external rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
  • Innervation: obturator nerve.
  • Arterial supply: femoral artery, deep femoral artery, obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Pectineus.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Pectineus.

Structure.

  • Origin: pectineal line on the superior pubic ramus of pelvis.
  • Insertion: pectineal line on the posterior surface of the upper femur.

Function.

  • Concentric action: accelerates hip adduction, medial rotation.
  • Reverse mover action: anterior tilt pelvis; ipsilateral rotation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: controls/restrains/decelerates hip abduction, lateral rotation.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
  • Innervation: femoral nerve.
  • Arterial supply: femoral artery, deep femoral artery obturator artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.

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Muscles: Sartorius.

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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscles—Sartorius.

Structure.

  • Origin: anterior-superior iliac spine.
  • Insertion: proximal medial surface of tibia.

Function.

  • Concentric action: knee flexion, abduction, and lateral hip rotation (crossing leg).
  • Reverse mover action: anterior til pelvis; ipsilateral depression of pelvis; contralateral rotation of pelvis.
  • Eccentric action: decelerates hip extension and internal rotation; knee extension and adduction.
  • Isometric action: stabilization of lumbo-pelvic hip complex and knee.
  • Innervation: femoral nerve.
  • Arterial supply: femoral artery.

Clinical Significance.

More.

References

Biel, A. (2015). Trail guide to the body: A hands-on guide to locating muscles, bones and more.

Clark, M., Lucett, S., Sutton, B. G., & National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jenkins, G., & Tortora, G. J. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life, 3rd Edition International Stu. John Wiley & Sons.

Muscolino, J. E. (2017). The muscular system manual: The skeletal muscles of the human body.